Scientific Method

The scientific method means to collect data and expand information using the sense and
logic, systematic and organized method to find answers in order in which scientific
questions are raised.
 The important characteristics of scientific method include; empirical approach, skeptical
attitude, valid instruments, and accurate, objective and unbiased results’ reporting.
 The scientific investigations are empirical (fine observation or experimentation) and need
systematic, control, and direct observation.
 Scientific method guides researchers while developing a theory and conducting a research
that researchers should use empirical approach (experimentation and controlled
observation) organized way, and skeptical (critical) attitude.
 Researchers find problems, make assumptions, conduct researches and develop theories
to find the logical answers of questions.
 Being a researcher you should choose significant research question and clear hypothesis;
testable hypothesis have evidently defined concepts (operational definitions), are not
spherical, and use those concepts that can be observed scientifically.
 Scientists put on the maximum control while conducting an experiment; in an
experiment, researchers manipulate independent variables to determine their effects on
dependent variables.
 Dependent variables are measures of behavior use to evaluate the effects of independent
variables.
 Use of direct observation and experimentation is the heart of empirical
approach/scientific method and soul of scientific research.
 Scientific tools, devices, apparatus, and instruments are accurate, valid, and precise, so
that measurement should be valid and reliable.
 Researchers should have skeptical attitude, humanistic view, and control on their biases,
confounding, and social influence (Ethnocentrism).
 Research must has internal validity (safe, clean, and sound procedure and controlling the
threats and confounding) to generalize the findings of study (external validity) on the population.

Scientific method determines the cleanliness, purity and clarity of investigations. There
should be no other rational causes and confounding which can diminish the value of
science and threats to the validity of research. Scientific method has empirical approach
to gain the control over the conditions